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Economistic Paradigm and Its Impacts on the Environment
Svoboda, Zdeněk ; Kocian, Matúš (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis in the field of environmental ethics "The Economistic Paradigm and Its Impact on the Environment" wants to introduce the pitfalls of economically oriented behaviour of contemporary society and the effects of such behaviour on the environment. In this generally accepted model of the functioning of the world, nature plays the role of an unlimited supply of raw materials and food, and man is motivated and externally stimulated by a desire for wealth and prosperity in his actions. Boundless confidence in scientific and technological progress dominates the development of spirituality and the relationship to the environment. All this often at the expense of the poorest, who are the least involved in pollution and climate change. The work acquaints the reader with selected aspects of the ecological crisis and their impact on man and nature. It will present an interpretation of biblical anthropocentrism and other concepts of the approach to the environment, which puts different subjects at the forefront of their interest. The aim of the work is to evaluate the sustainability of the currently set functioning of the world in relation to the environment and to offer alternatives fair to future generations and leading to a harmonious relationship between man and nature.
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Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
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Transformation of Public -Private Partnership in the post-New Public Management era: challenges to British and Spanish approaches
Witz, Petr ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to examine and compare public sector structures involved in managing the deals under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP)/Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the UK and Spain as well as application of Public-Private-Citizen Collaboration (PC2) framework within the two systems in the era of post-New Public Management. The spread and use of knowledge and skills capacities and the overall ability of the national institutional models to protect the public interest in an effective and efficient way is assessed together with openness and transparency of PPP programmes where the scale and quality of use of the Web 2.0 tools able to reach and engage citizens in the process of implementing the policy and procurement of individual schemes play an important role. Special attention is paid to the ways in which the private sector entities on the one side and citizens on the other can approach the public authorities and influence the shape and features of the partnership and its results. PPP has been widely used for financing of investments into the public infrastructure in many countries in Europe and elsewhere. This comparative study introduces an "ideal" imaginary PPP model based on the new paradigms' criteria and uses it as a point of reference for assessing the progress in PPP...
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Transformation of Public-Private Partnership in the post-New Public Management era: challenges to British and Spanish approaches
Witz, Petr ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Ochrana, František (referee)
The diploma thesis aims to examine and compare public sector structures involved in managing the deals under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP)/Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the UK and Spain as well as application of Public-Private-Citizen Collaboration (PC2) framework within the two systems in the era of post-New Public Management. The spread and use of knowledge and skills capacities and the overall ability of the national institutional models to protect the public interest in an effective and efficient way is assessed together with openness and transparency of PPP programmes using the Web 2.0 tools able to reach and engage citizens in the process of implementing the policy and procurement of individual schemes. Special attention is paid to the ways in which the private sector entities on the one side and citizens on the other can approach the public authorities and influence the shape and features of the partnership and its results. PPP has been widely used for financing of investments into the public infrastructure in many countries in Europe and elsewhere. Through PPP, private sector is invited to take care of financing, construction or modernization and subsequent maintenance of certain public assets over the life of the contract that usually lasts about 30 years. The programmes of...
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Multiparadigmatic Teaching of Social Sciences in High School
Charvát, Štěpán ; Dvořáková, Michaela (advisor) ; Zicha, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to present a specific type of teaching of social sciences in high school, namely the multiparadigmatic type. In accordance with the multiparadigmatic character of social sciences, this teaching type accentuates the plurality of approaches to a given social topic and does not indoctrinate the learner with one specific approach or paradigm. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis describes the concept of scientific paradigms, mostly on the basis of the findings of philosopher T. S. Kuhn, who addresses this issue in the context of natural sciences. Next, it is explained why the concept of paradigms can be related to social sciences and how these two science areas differ. The multiparadigmatic character of social sciences is then applied to their didactics, where selected methodological aspects of multiparadigmatic teaching are discussed, such as the choice of paradigms, working with them, and the attitude of the teacher. This part of the diploma thesis also illustrates the concepts of monoparadigmatism and multiparadigmatism with the comparison of two didactic manuals and two curricular documents from various environments. Furthermore, it describes the reasons for the employment of multiparadigmatic teaching as well as its conditions and limitations. The...
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Constructivism and Reality between Foerster, Maturana and Kuhn
Duda, Marek ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Murgaš, Jaromír (referee)
This work deals with the introduction of the constructivist school of thought and its comparison with the theory of scientific revolutions and the concept of the paradigm of Thomas Kuhn. In this work, constructivism is represented by radical interpretations of Foerster, Maturana and Varela. These are then confronted with Kuhn's interpretation of scientific revolutions. At the end of the thesis I argue that Kuhn's concept of the paradigm can be interpreted as typically constructivist. In the context of the main line of interpretation of this work, I also critically evaluate motives such as reality, the possibility of true knowledge and related ethical consequences. Key words: constructivism, knowledge, truth, philosophy of science, paradigm
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